分析iBT阅读事实信息题和否定排除题

事实信息题基本介绍:

IBT 新托福阅读部分的事实信息题是指一个经常或已经发生的真实事情，事件或现象。在文章中起支持作用。信息细节指特别信息，比如例子，原因，数据，描述或说明。在书面英语中，事实和细节信息用于支持文章的主题思想。给出实施细节信息会使主题思想的论证更具说服力。

出题形式:

通常iBT阅读事实信息题都是以特殊疑问词开头的特殊疑问句, 例如:   

According to the passage, what…?   

Which…? 

Why…?   

How…?    

Who…?    

Where…?  

When…?    

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?        

In paragraph… , what does the author say about…?

What point does the author make about…?

What reason is given for…?

The author argues that…

The author mentions…as an example of…

…is an example of…

…is a type of…

Which of the following statements applies to…?

Which statements best describes…?

解题技巧:

1、首先略读寻找主题思想及重复的关键词。

2、由于托福文章都经过修改以适合测试，大都有些支离破碎，所以衔接词很重要。托福中经常使用的衔接词是重复使用的关键词及同义词。

3、在答题时需要参考阅读中所做的角或所画的图表，也可以从问题题干和答案选项中找关键词，然后快速从文章中找出这些词或它们的同义词。

4、托福阅读中有3篇文章，每一篇文章中都有2至5个细节题，总共8至10题。

例题分析:

People’s eating habits are strongly influenced by a number of factors besides taste. Cultural values, demographic characteristics, personal finances, and concern about the environment all help determine what you eat. Furthermore, advances in technology, laws and competition are factors in what foods are available to you. To the extent that U.S. and European consumers are influenced similarly by these factors, you would expect and, indeed, would find their eating habits to be remarkably similar. However, because the relative influence of many of these variables differs on the two sides of the Atlantic, U.S. diners and Europeans often find themselves eating different things.

One of the most significant factors that appears to account for differences is the variation in social values. Consumers in the United States, for example, have been interested in the health and fitmess aspects of their food for some time. This interest has resulted in a deluge of diet and other types of “lite” food on U.S. grocery shelves. European consumers, however, are just beginning to get interested in diet and “lite” foods. A recent sudy found both U.S. and European consumers primarily interested in the fat content of foods. After this commonality, however, the concerns of the two groups in the fat content of foods. After this commonality, however, the concerns of the two groups diverged. Europeans want (in descending order) freshness, vitamin and mineral content, and nutritional value while Americans look for foods low in salt, cholesterol, and sugar.

Glossary:

Upheaval: a big change in society or in family like which causes a lot of trouble, confusion, and worry in people’s lives

According to paragraph 2, which of the following statements is true? 

A: Both U.S. and European consumers are not interested in the fat content of foods.

B: U.S. consumers are more interested in diet and other “lite” food.

C: Europeans do not care about freshness, vitamin and nutritional value.

D: Europeans care about foods low in salt, cholesterol, and sugar.

分析:

1、要多多注意干扰选项, 使用了关键词，词组和文章的内容，但与问题无关，所表达的信息不正确，文中没有提及。

2、选项B正确. 可以从文中的第二段去找答案.

3、答案A和答案C及D与事实信息正好相反, 为不正确信息.    

否定排除题基本介绍:  

事实是指真实事情，事件或现象或其他文章中出现过的信息。否定事实是文章中没有出现过的内容或是省略部分。问题要求选出文中没有陈述，提及或非真实信息的答案。总共有2至3个问题。

出题形式:

通常iBT阅读否定排除题都是以特殊疑问词开头的特殊疑问句, 例如:     

According to the passage, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT…

All of the following are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT…

All of the following describe…EXCEPT…

All of the following are examples of--- EXCEPT…

――involves all of the following EXCEPT…

――are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT…

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as…?

Which of the following is NOT given as a reason for…?

解题技巧:

1、选出问题中的关键词，返回原文中扫描该词或相关意思.

2、仔细阅读含有该关键词的句子，选出三个文中所涉及的非常肯定的选项，排除这些选项，剩下的一个为正确答案，即是文中未提及或含不正确信息的答案。

例题分析 :

According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT

A: There are more than 33 percent of homemakers in the United States.

B: Traditionally, U.S. consumers are concerned with price.

C: Americans pay attention to the health and fitness aspects of their food.

D: Variety is less important to U.S. consumers.

分析:

1、选项D正确. 从文中第7段中找. 事物的多样化对美国人来说比对欧洲人更重要.

2、干扰的内容是欧洲人现在比过去更重视事物的多样化. 答案A的线索可以从第4段reverse单词得出, 美国的情况刚好和欧洲的情况相反.

3、B选项从第5段中找出, 关键词是price. 做题时先返回原文读每段的主题句, 一般是第一句, 然后锁定相关段找细节.

4、答案C 从第2段中去找, 整段都在比较美国消费者和欧洲消费者在对事物健康方面和新鲜程度, 维生素与矿物质含量方面的重视程度的不同.

5、所以正确选项为D.

总之, 把握了以上的解题技巧, 再加上自己的努力, 相信可以轻松突破iBT阅读事实信息题和否定排除题.