教你突破IBT阅读主题思想题

在IBT 阅读中, 主题思想题, 又叫重要观点总结题. 是总结文中最重要的观点，不包括次要观点和支持观点中的细节部分。此类题是将部分主题思想放在问题干里，正确答案选项就有关主题思想内容完成题干，这是表格题中的一种新的形式。在新托福阅读考试要求完成一个框架表格，将文章中的主要信息摘要出来。3篇文章中有2个这类问题，通常在问题的最后部分。例如:

An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points

Answer Choices

A) Atlantic cod stocks were once plentiful in the rich environment around the Grand Banks.

B) The Atlantic cod is a groundfish that preys on herring and small fish that eat krill.

C) Cod fishing was so successful that few people considered the possibility of overfishing until fish stocks fell.

D) The Canadian government tried to diversity Newfoundland’s economy in the 1980s.

E) Despite severe limits on fishing, cod stocks remain at low levels and show few signs of recovery.

F) Newfoundland exports millions of dollars worth of crab and other shellfish every year.

要求考生从6句话中选出3句来总结文中最重要的观点。分值超过一个多选题的分，为2分。完全答对得2分，只答对两个选项可获得1分。选对一个答案或完全没有选对为零分。

那么如何才能轻松准确的回答处此类问题呢?

首先要搞清楚全文得信息结构，包括主要观点和重要支持信息，文中的修辞方式，如比较和对比冠词，原因结果关系，议论推理关系，主题思想及重要的支持信息等。

其次要仔细阅读表格中的摘要句即主题句，读文章时目光集中在与主题句相关的主要观点上，然后回道答案选项上，研究每一选项在文中是否提及，为真实还是非真实信息。排除文中未提及或非正确信息选项；对于那些正确信息选项，判断是与主题句相关的主要观点还是次要观点，选出主要观点选项。正确答案应代表文中的主要观点 和主要的支持信息。例如: 还是上面的问题:

阅读材料节选:

Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland economy taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast.

By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St. John’s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin, rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants.

Until the twentieth century, fishers believed in the cod’s ability to replenish itself and thought that overfishing was impossible. However, Newfoundland’s cod fishery began to show signs of trouble during the 1930s, when cod failed to support the fishers and thousands were unemployed. The slump lasted for the next few decades.

Atlantic cod stocks had once been so plentiful that early explorers joked about walking on the backs of the teeming fish. Today, cod stocks are at historically low levels and show no signs of imminent recovery, even after drastic conservation measures and severely limited fishing. Fishermen often blame the diminishing stocks on seals, which prey on cod and other species, but scientists believe that decades of overfishing are to blame.

Answer Choices

A) Atlantic cod stocks were once plentiful in the rich environment around the Grand Banks.

B) The Atlantic cod is a groundfish that preys on herring and small fish that eat krill.

C) Cod fishing was so successful that few people considered the possibility of overfishing until fish stocks fell.

D) The Canadian government tried to diversity Newfoundland’s economy in the 1980s.

E) Despite severe limits on fishing, cod stocks remain at low levels and show few signs of recovery.

F) Newfoundland exports millions of dollars worth of crab and other shellfish every year.

分析:

1. 看到该篇文章, 可以从衔接词上突破。衔接词的使用使文章条理清楚，语句和段落之间过渡顺利。同时衔接词也可帮助识别文章的主要观点和主旨。

2. 读文章时记笔记，将重要观点记录下来。答题时假设自己要写一篇文摘，而第一句已给出，剩下三句根据笔记从已给的选项中找出。也可以回原文中略读。略读有助于总结文章的重要信息；可以迅速理解全文大意，目的及组织结构。

3. 然后研究围绕主题句的重要观点支持句时如何展开的，要学会识别文章的主题思想句，认出段落的基本组织结构，注意文中经常重复的关键。所以综上所述, 不难得出答案为ACE.

4. 注意干扰选项. 与文章不符的不准确或不正确的信息，不相关或文中未提及的信息; 非主要的观点，属次要观点和支持观点的细节部分不要花太多时间. 综上所述, 答案为ACE.

总之,在做此类题型的时候要把握好文章的关键, 有的放矢,相信可以达到事半功倍的效果.